Apparent Flexural Rigidity of Single Flagella Depends on Inter-Doublet Shear Stiffness

Supplemental Information Flexural Rigidity and Shear Stiffness of Flagella Estimated from In- duced Bends and Counterbends

Flexural Rigidity and Shear Stiffness of Flagella Estimated from Induced Bends and Counterbends.

Motile cilia and flagella are whiplike cellular organelles that bend actively to propel cells or move fluid in passages such as airways, brain ventricles, and the oviduct. Efficient motile function of cilia and flagella depends on coordinated interactions between active forces from an array of motor proteins and passive mechanical resistance from the complex cytoskeletal structure (the axoneme)...

Flexural rigidity of echinoderm sperm flagella.

The stiffness (flexural rigidity) of live sperm flagella, Triton-demembranated flagella (axonemes), trypsin-digested axonemes, and doublet microtubules of the axonemes in echinoderms was determined from the relationship between their deformation when a stream of medium was applied and the viscous resistance of the medium acting on the flagellum. The stiffness of the flagellum beating in seawate...

Asymmetry of inner dynein arms and inter-doublet links in Chlamydomonas flagella

Although the widely shared "9 + 2" structure of axonemes is thought to be highly symmetrical, axonemes show asymmetrical bending during planar and conical motion. In this study, using electron cryotomography and single particle averaging, we demonstrate an asymmetrical molecular arrangement of proteins binding to the nine microtubule doublets in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella. The eight inn...

Flexural modulus, flexural strength, and stiffness of fiber-reinforced posts.

BACKGROUND The radiopacity degree of posts is not enough for adequate visualization during radiographic analyses. Glass fiber post with stainless steel reinforcement has been fabricated in an attempt to overcome this limitation. AIM This study was designed to determine the influence of this metal reinforcement on the post mechanical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study evaluated fle...